Is Psychology a Natural Science or a Social Science? The Identity Crisis of a Discipline
American philosopher and psychologist William James once described psychology as “the science of mental life,” a definition that highlights both the focus and the complexity of this field. He was one of the earliest thinkers to treat the study of the mind as a serious scientific pursuit, while still acknowledging that human thoughts and experiences cannot be separated from the world people live in. This mind-body dualism is what makes psychology difficult to classify. Is it a natural science, like biology, or a social science, like sociology? The answer becomes much clearer when we look at how science itself is organised and how psychology has evolved over time! What do different sciences study? Science is broadly divided into two main categories: natural sciences and social sciences. Natural sciences study the naturally occurring phenomena in the physical and biological world. Subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology focus on understanding nature through experiments, measurements...